Sportstoto 4d shop, Persiaran Raja Muda Musa, Port Klang

There is another place that sell banknote and coin on Persiaran Raja Muda Musa, Port Klang. I remember about this shop when I visit Thiru's numismatic & Handicraft. Uncle Thiru told me that some of you come to his shop after reading my blog. Thank you for reading what I am writing in here and I will try my best to find a cheap coin dealer like uncle thiru. Back to this shop, this is exactly a 4D sportstoto shop located on Persiaran Raja Muda Musa. It is the same row as uncle Thiru shop.

The owner of this banknote and coin is an old man who is also the owner of this 4D shop. You need to asked for him at the 4D counter if you want to buy that banknote and coin. At the time I coming on last Saturday, he is not in and I cannot get his contact number. The price he give you will be a bit expensive and you need to negotiate for a good price. It is better if you can talk in Chinese to negotiate with him. This glass cupboard is the only coin and banknote for sale in this shop.

At time I am visiting that shop, I cannot found anything that I would buy. I can see that some of the item on display maybe something that some of you are looking for. I can see 1 piece of King Edward VII quarter cents year 1908 in fine condition. One piece Queen Victoria half cent but I cannot see the year, in fine condition. One piece Queen Victoria 10 cent but cannot see the year also, in fine condition. A set of Malaya banknote 1 cent, 5 cent and 10 cent; I cannot see what its condition from outside but some of you maybe looking for this. He also have some Malaya & British Borneo Kapal Layar 1 dollar, printed by Thomas De La Rue. I also can see some Sukarno banknote, japanese banknote, Singapore banknote, Vietnam banknote and some old Malaysia banknote.

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Malaysia Sa-puloh ringgit with Agong Watermark

Every month I received at least 20 calls, sms or e-mail asking me if I have Malaysia old sepuluh ringgit banknote with Yang Dipertuan Agong Watermark. Everyone is asking What is the watermark for my Sa-puloh ringgit banknote on sale in Mudah.com.my. If I have a banknote with different watermark then it suppose to, why do I sold them at a normal price? If I have any for sale, I should had been putting a rare banknote title on them since it is something that I myself never saw from over 15 years of my collecting.

Every avid Malaysia banknote and coin collector knew that Malaysia banknote from the first series up until the fourth series has a tiger watermark on them. The fifth series until the current banknote has the 1st Yang Dipertuan Agong banknote watermark. Why exactly the fuss about old Malaysia banknote watermark with Yang Dipetuan Agong? Does anyone see them with their own eyes?

One of my buyer asking me if what I have for sale in mudah.com.my is fake? When I asked him why done such a harsh accusation on my sale. He is telling me that he is seeking for a fake Malaysia old Sa-Puloh Ringgit banknote with Yang Dipetuan Agong watermark on them. He is been looking for this banknote for years without any luck. Another of my buyer is tellling me that he saw this banknote in Kuching, Sarawak been used as a tools in witchcraft or "menurun" for 4D number.

For the past few weeks, whenever I called my banknote collector friend, I will try to remember asking if any of them have any of this banknote in their possession. Everyone is either laughing or asking if I am into fake banknote collecting nowadays. Most of them been asked by their buyer and visitor about the same banknote almost everyday. Some of my friends is telling me that this banknote most probably is fake. Some people really do have a skill making a fake rare banknote like this to make some fast extra cash. They are using an original banknote and changing that watermark or make a different color variety. If they can make fake banknote watermark, why don't they make a fake current one ringgit with Ali Abul signature? Its price already gone up to 2 thousands ringgit for uncirculated condition.

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Free e-book Coin Collecting For Dummies, 2nd edition

I browse few free ebook site and I find this Coin collecting for Dummies, 2nd edition. I think everyone in this world know this for dummies book collection. Read this ebook this morning and I found that this is still a good numismatic reading eventhough the book is publish in 2003. It will teach you on deciding which type of coins you want to collect, keep your collection in mint condition, buy and sell coins on the Internet, find interesting coin shows to attend, and assemble and diversify a great collection. It also teach beginners on how to start collecting, How to evalute your coin, how to buy coin cheap, how to check for rare or expensive coin, how to detect fake coin, how to handle or clean your coin and how to create a complete collections of copper, nickel, silver, or gold U.S. coins.

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Coin Collecting For Dummies, 2nd edition

How This Book Is Organized

This book is divided into six parts that provide you with a concise introduction and overview, involve you in starting your collection, and take you deeper and deeper into the world of numismatics. Each chapter is designed to stand on its own, so you can start reading wherever you choose and jump from chapter to chapter with ease.

Part I: Making Heads and Tails out of Coin Collecting

Don’t be intimidated by the word numismatics — it’s just a big word for the study of coins, the first stop in coin collecting. In this part, we give you plenty of reasons to fall in love with coin collecting. We also stress the importance of doing your homework before you jump in with both feet, and we steer you into some areas in which you want to become knowledgeable about coins. Finally, we show you how to store coins properly so that you and future generations can enjoy them to their fullest.

Part II: Ancient to Present Day: Choosing Coins for Your Collection

Coins have been made for thousands of years by hundreds of different countries, so you have a lot to work with. Where to start? What to collect? This part takes a look at ancient coins, U.S. coins, world coins, and the wild and wooly stuff that will really get your numismatic juices pumping. After you’ve read these chapters, you’ll have a good idea of what you want to collect.

Part III: Focusing on U.S. Coins

The United States has a rich and varied numismatic history that includes some of the greatest coins in the world. In this part, we present more than just a peek at most of them. Our goal in these chapters is to present you with choices and then let you decide which ones are for you.

Part IV: Buying Coins the Safe Way

You buy coins with the money left over after paying all your living expenses, so make those purchases count. That can be difficult because it’s a jungle out there! In this part, we alert you to some of the scams that less-than-reputable dealers use to separate you from your hard-earned money. We discuss the various numismatic price guides that help you value your collection and buy and sell coins. We also introduce you to the bane of coin collecting — counterfeit and altered coins — and show you why not to fear them. Where you buy your coins can be just as important as what coins you buy, so this part presents an in-depth look at working with dealers and buying coins at auction. A coin’s condition (known as its grade) is the single most important factor affecting its value. Learning to grade coins takes time, patience, and practice. In this part, we introduce you to some of the concepts behind grading, explain how to learn to grade coins, and show you how to use third-party grading services to your benefit.

Part V: Selling Coins and Minding the Law

You can’t take your coins with you when you die. So what’s the best way to sell them before you do? In this part, we present the three main options: selling your collection by yourself, selling to or through a dealer, and selling at auction. Each method has its pros and cons, all of which are outlined here. We also cover legal issues surrounding coin collecting — everything from using coins as an investment to paying taxes.

Part VI: The Part of Tens

Our editors said to have fun with this part — so we did! In this part, you meet the ten most valuable U.S. coins (wait until you see the prices), our ten favorite coin designs (what a bevy of beauties), and ten ways to get your kids involved in coin collecting.

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Publisher: For Dummies

Pages: 384

ISBN: 0470222751

Format: PDF

Size: 21 MB

Additional Requirement: Adobe reader or ebook reader.

Download here: No more link available.

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Free Microsoft Access Coin Collection Organizer database

Yesterday, I found this Coin collector organizer 1.0 by Nelson R. Linares. This is a free software or organizer for your coin collection database. This database application helps you manage and keep track of your coin collection, but you'll need to have Microsoft Access to use it. I tried them today and the only drawback is that you cannot add a new user id for this software. There is also no features to upload your coin picture into this database.

The program tracks several details, including a coin's country of origin, denomination, mint mark, composition, condition, and valuation date and price. You can manage your database by adding, updating, or deleting particular items. The program generates simplistic reports based on your entries.

It includes reporting and tracking variations. This application requires MS Access 2002 or newer. The application is contained within a ZIP file. Simply save it to disk and unzip it using an application such as WinZip. To start the application, double-click on the file named Coin Collection Organizer.mdb .

Use this username and password to log in this application.

Username: guest

Password: guest.

License: Free to try; $10.00 to buy

Operating Systems: Windows 95, Windows Me, Windows 3.x, Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows NT, Windows 98

Additional Requirements: MS Access 2002

Limitations: Some features disabled (I try to find what features disabled, the only thing I can found is that create user is disabled. You can only used this as a guest).

File Size: 845kb

My Rating: 2 0ut of 5 Star.

Download here: Coin Collection Organizer 1

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A beginner's guide to coin collecting

Find this A beginner's guide to coin collecting e-book while searching for a banknote and coin free collection software. I cannot find who is the actual author of this e-book but been reading some of it content yesterday and it was a good read for beginner. The topic mostly related to US coin.

What you can find in "A beginner's guide to coin collecting" e-book:

Getting started

"You need somebody to buy your coin from, and it may hard to find a coin dealer of good repute when you are new to the hobby, so having someone that is in this hobby for years can be a great help to guide you on choosing and honest and knowledgeable coin dealer."

Becoming a numismatic

" Numismatic is the study of money, medallions, banknotes, token coins and stock certificates. It is believed to have been established in the time of Julius Caesar who wrote the first book about it. It is a very interesting topic because every medal or coin signifies different era, economy and politics".

Detecting counterfeit coin

"A special machine does the stamping on coins to make them genuine. People who counterfeit on coins are well trained and have the capacity to manipulate especially those rare coins, which have high value among collectors. The most common procedure in counterfeiting is that they pour a liquid metal into molds that will leave die marks with cracking on the counterfeit coin."

Other topic in this book:

• Where to find coins
• What you should look for in a coins
• What are mints and mints mark
• What affect the value of coin
• Grading your coins
• Should you use the grading service?
• When should you sell?
• Pros and cons of buying at auction
• About commemorative and other special coin
• How and where you can find bullion coins
• How to avoid shysters and frauds
• How to care for your coins
• Organize your collection

This e-book is in ZIP and you need to have WINZIP or WINRAR to open them. You need to install it to a PC to make it work.

Operating Systems: Windows 95, Windows Me, Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows NT, Windows 98

Additional Requirement: Winzip, winrar or other compression software

Size: 552 kb

Download here: A beginner's guide to coin collecting

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Some tools to help on your collecting hobby

Here is some tools that I has been posted in this blog that might come handy to any new coin and banknote collector. This tools come from various source but mostly come from books that I read. This is a good tools to help you understand more on Collecting banknotes and coins as a hobby. As they say this is "a hobby of a king". For my frequent reader, sorry because I am bit busy this few days and most probably will be back posting a new thing next week.

This is coin edge varieties I found in Krause Publication. This picture will help you to understand; what exactly your coin edge called? Some people will have different name for some of this edges but I prefer to use this as a guidance since it is easy to understand.

This is a banknote grading table by KN Boon in his book Malaysia, Brunei & Singapore Banknotes & Coins (4th Edition). This is a good tool for newbies to understand banknote grading. I type them again and put them on JPEG, You need to click them to view at its original size. It is an easy way to teach newbies with this banknote table grading around. You just need to look at your banknote and look at some aspect of banknote like handling, paper, Holes, Tears, Integrity and folds.

I am also putting a banknote grading picture to help you understand more on banknote grading. You can find that post here. My grading may not be accurate for some collector but I am just trying to teach newbies about this hobby. If you think my grading ain't that good, please feel free to comment.

This is Standard International Numeral System table by Krause Publication. I have been posting them on flickr last year. This is a great tools for you to find what do your banknote or coin with different numeral system then your own for denomination or year mintage. You need to click them to view at its original size.

If you're looking for a coin and banknote collecting software you can find some of the best one in here. All of them are not a free software for coin and banknote collecting. If you want a free software, please subscribe to my post via rss/my feed. Will try to find them for you next time. Some of my reader is asking about a free excel for banknote and coin collecting. Still trying to figure out on how to put them in here.

I will try to post more tools for all of you again next time. If any of you looking for something to help you on your coin collecting feel free to comment in here or post them via e-mail. I will try my best to find them and reply in here.

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What coin detail you should be looking for?

What kind of coin detail that you should be looking for in your coin? When you want to sell your coin, you need to find out the detail of your coin as much as possible. It is important so your buyer will know what exactly is you're selling. A brief coin detail will also helping you on selling your item since buyer can easily find what they are looking for with your sale. I will be using this Malaya coin as an example what kind of detail you need to for in your coin. You can find out about your coin detail via book or world wide web. I am using K.N Boon Book as a reference; Malaysia, Brunei & Singapore Banknotes & Coins 4th edition.

1. What is the origin of your coin?

You need to find out, where do your coin originated from. Which country, is it an obsolete coin or still for circulation? Looking at this coin for example, this is a Malaya coin. Malaya already changed to Malaysia in 1957 so this is one of the obsolete coin in this world.

2. Date of mintage

The year your coin is produced, make or minted. This coin is minted in 1941i.

3. How many coin mintage?

They are 4,000,000 coin minted in 1941. Including 1941i

4. Is that coin have a mint/privy mark?

This coin have an "i" as a mint/privy mark. Normally people will write the mark letter after the year of the coin (1941i) so people know what is it mint. "i" on this coin meant that it is printed in Calcutta, India. The normal 1941 coin are printed in Royal Mint, London.

5. Coin metallic content

This coin metal is Silver with .750 fineness ( 75% Silver and 25% other metal).

6. What is it denomination?

This is 5 cents coin. Some other coin using different numeral system then western will make it difficult to understand. You will need a book or numeral system table for your guide. India, Arabic, Javanese, Korean numeral system is some of coin that will give a bit of problem to understand.

7. What is it edge?

This coin edge is milled or reeded. You can look at this edge varieties table by Krause Publication as a tool what your coin edge is.

8. What is the coin diameter?

You can use Chart of coin size or ruler to measure your coin diameter. Normally coin diameter is stated in millimeter. This coin is 16 millimeter.

9. What is your coin weight?

You need to weight your coin yourself before you posted their data. Most people will be using coin weight as a way to check if that coin is fake or original coin (especially silver coin). This coin is weighted at 1.3600 gram.

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Philippine 2 Dalawang piso banknote; José Rizal

Have you ever wondered what is the story of a person on your banknote? I collect many banknote with people faces on them who is a prominent figure in their society. This week, i will try to post some story about Philippine prominent figure that been displayed on their old pesos banknotes. If any of my story in here isn't correct, please feel free to comment and I will try to add that in this post. Today I will be talking about José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda which has been featured on a Philippine 2 dalawang piso banknote.

José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896), was a Filipino polymath, nationalist and the most prominent advocate for reforms in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era. He is considered the Philippines' national hero and the anniversary of Rizal's death is commemorated as a Philippine holiday called Rizal Day. Rizal's 1896 military trial and execution made him a martyr of the Philippine Revolution.

The seventh of eleven children born to a wealthy family in the town of Calamba, Laguna (province), Rizal attended the Ateneo Municipal de Manila, earning a Bachelor of Arts. He enrolled in Medicine and Philosophy and Letters at the University of Santo Tomas and then traveled alone to Madrid, Spain, where he continued his studies at the Universidad Central de Madrid, earning the degree of Licentiate in Medicine. He attended the University of Paris and earned a second doctorate at the University of Heidelberg. Rizal was a polyglot conversant in at least ten languages. He was a prolific poet, essayist, diarist, correspondent, and novelist whose most famous works were his two novels, Noli me Tangere and El filibusterismo. These are social commentaries on the Philippines that formed the nucleus of literature that inspired dissent among peaceful reformists and spurred the militancy of armed revolutionaries from the Spanish colonial authorities.

As a political figure, Rizal was the founder of La Liga Filipina, a civic organization that subsequently gave birth to the Katipunan led by Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Aguinaldo. He was a proponent of institutional reforms by peaceful means rather than by violent revolution. The general consensus among Rizal scholars, however, attributed his martyred death as the catalyst that precipitated the Philippine Revolution.

Source: wikipedia

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Philippine 5 limang pesos banknote; Andrés Bonifacio de Castro

Have you ever wondered what is the story of a person on your banknote? I collect many banknote with people faces on them who is a prominent figure in their society. This week, i will try to post some story about Philippine prominent figure that been displayed on their old pesos banknotes. If any of my story in here isn't correct, please feel free to comment and I will try to add that in this post. Today we will be talking about Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro which has been featured on a Philippine limang piso banknote.

Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro (November 30, 1863 – May 10, 1897), was a Filipino revolutionary leader and the founder of the Philippine Revolution. Bonifacio was born to Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina de Castro of Zambales in Tondo, Manila. His father was a Cabeza de Barrio (Leader of the Municipality) of his town. His mother died of tuberculosis in 1881 and his father died a year later.

Bonifacio worked as a freemason for a British and German trading firm in Manila. He married twice, his first wife was a woman named Monica, who died of leprosy, and Gregoria de Jesús a daughter of a wealthy family in Binondo.

He joined José Rizal's La Liga Filipina (The Philippine League), an organization that called for political reforms in the Spanish Cortes. La Liga Filipina was abolished after Rizal was arrested and deported to the town of Dapitan in Mindanao. After the La Liga Filipina was abolished by the Spanish colonial authorities. Bonifacio founded the Katipunan organization, which aimed to gained independence from Spain.

In 1896, Bonifacio founded the Katipunan. It insinuated itself into the community by setting up mutual aid societies and education for the poor. The Katipunan had recruited 30,000 members and functioned at the national, provincial and municipal levels. Following the execution of Rizal in 1896, Bonifacio proclaimed Philippine independence on August 23, 1896. In pursuit by the Spanish Army, Bonifacio's soldiers fled to the Marikina mountains, while the other rebel army lead by Emilio Aguinaldo were more successful in their campaign and gained control in some towns.

Bonifacio engaged into conflict with Aguinaldo, and he was arrested and charged with treason. The trial of the Bonifacio brothers began on April 29, and ended in conviction on May 4. They were executed on May 10, 1897. Bonifacio's birthday on November 30 is celebrated as Bonifacio Day (Filipino: Araw ni Bonifacio) and is a public holiday in the Philippines.

Source: Wikipedia

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Philippine 10 sampung piso banknote; Apolinario Mabini Maranan

Have you ever wondered what is the story of a person on your banknote? I collect many banknote with people faces on them who is a prominent figure in their society. This week, i will try to post some story about Philippine prominent figure that been displayed on their old peso banknotes. If any of my story in here isn't correct, please feel free to comment and I will try to add that in this post. Today we will be talking about Apolinario Mabini which has been featured on a Philippine 10 sampung piso banknote.

Apolinario Mabini y Maranan (July 23, 1864 — May 13, 1903) was a Filipino political philosopher and revolutionary who wrote the constitution for the first Philippine republic of 1899-1901, and served as its first prime minister in 1899 (January 2 – May 7, 1899). In Philippine history texts, he is often referred to as "the Sublime Paralytic", and as "the Brains of the Revolution.To his envious enemies, he is referred to as the "Dark Chamber of the President"

Mabini was born on July 23, 1864 in Barangay Talaga in Tanauan, Batangas. On May 13, 1903 Mabini died of cholera in Manila. He was the second of eight children of Dionisia Maranan, a vendor in the Tanauan market, and Inocencio Mabini, an unlettered peasant.

Believing that the Reform Movement still had a chance to achieve success, Mabini did not immediately support the revolution of 1896. When Jose Rizal was executed in December that year, however, he changed his mind and gave the revolution his wholehearted support. In 1898, while vacationing in Los Baños, Laguna, Emilio Aguinaldo sent for him. It took hundreds of men taking turns carrying his hammock to portage Mabini to Kawit. Aguinaldo, upon seeing Mabini's physical condition, must have entertained second thoughts in calling for his help.

Mabini was most active in the revolution in 1898, when he served as the chief adviser for General Aguinaldo. He drafted decrees and crafted the first ever constitution in Asia for the First Philippine Republic, including the framework of the revolutionary government which was implemented in Malolos in 1899.

Apolinario Mabini was appointed prime minister and was also foreign minister of the newly independent dictatorial government of Emilio Aguinaldo on January 2, 1899. Eventually, the government declared the first Philippine republic in appropriate ceremonies on January 23, 1899. Mabini then led the first cabinet of the republic.

Mabini found himself in the center of the most critical period in the new country's history, grappling with problems until then unimagined. Most notable of these were his negotiations with Americans, which began on March 6, 1899. The United States and the new Philippine Republic were embroiled in extremely contentious and eventually violent confrontations. During the negotiations for peace, Americans proffered Mabini autonomy for Aguinaldo's new government, but the talks failed because Mabini’s conditions included a ceasefire, which was rejected. Mabini negotiated once again, seeking for an armistice instead, but the talks failed yet again. Eventually, feeling that the Americans were not negotiating 'bona fide,' he forswore the Americans, rallied the people, and supported war. He resigned from government on May 7, 1899.

Source: Wikipedia

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Philippine 50 pesos banknote; Sergio Osmena

Have you ever wondered what is the story of a person on your banknote? I collect many banknote with people faces on them who is a prominent figure in their society. This week, i will try to post some story about Philippine prominent figure that been displayed on their old pesos banknotes. If any of my story in here isn't correct, please feel free to comment and I will try to add that in this post.

For today, I will share with you the story of Sergio Osmeña the second President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines; 4th President of the Philipines. His face can be found on 50 limampung pesos or piso. He was a founder of Philipine Nacionalista Party. He born in Cebu City on 9 september 1878 and died in Quezon City on 19 October 1961 at the age of 83 years old.

Osmeña became president of the Commonwealth on Quezon's death in 1944 (1st August 1944 until 28 May 1946). He returned to the Philippines the same year with General Douglas MacArthur and the liberation forces. After the war, Osmeña restored the Commonwealth government and the various executive departments. He continued the fight for Philippine independence.

For the presidential election of 1946, Osmeña refused to campaign, saying that the Filipino people knew of his record of 40 years of honest and faithful service. Nevertheless, he was defeated by Manuel Roxas, who won 54 percent of the vote and became the first president of the independent Republic of the Philippines.

Osmeña is the patriarch of the prominent Osmeña family, which includes his son (former Senator Sergio Osmeña, Jr.) and his grandsons (Senators Sergio Osmeña III and John Henry Osmeña), ex-Governor (Lito Osmeña and Cebu City Mayor Tomas Osmeña). His great-grandson, Tomas's son Miguel, is a student at the University of California, Los Angeles. His great great grandson, Christian Osmena, is a current Senator at the University of California, Berkeley.

Source: wikipedia

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China Renminbi smallest denomination; Fen banknote

The last one for this smallest banknote story in my collection is China fen banknote. The Fen is the smallest denomination and size in China Renminbi or people currency. The unit for the Renminbi is the Yuan (元), Jiao (角), Fen (分): 1 Yuan = 10 Jiao = 100 Fen. I haven't been going to Mainland China but a friend told me that fen banknote or coin is rarely used by people in that country. All this fen banknote size is approximately at 42 mm x 90 mm. The 1 fen banknote color is brown with truck at right. The 2 fen banknote color is greenish blue with airplane at right. The 5 fen banknote color is green with ship at right.

The fifth and latest editions of the currency of the People's Republic of China have been produced since 1 October 1999. Notes have been produced in 8 denominations: old types of 1 fen, 2 fen and 5 fen, as well as new issues depicting Mao Zedong: 5 yuan, 10 yuan, 20 yuan, 50 yuan and 100 yuan. In 2004, a 1 yuan note depicting Mao Zedong first came into production. Since 1999, coins have been produced in denominations of 1 fen, 2 fen, 5 fen, 1 jiao, 5 jiao and 1 yuan.

Source: Krause Publication

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Republic of Croatia or Republika Hrvatska banknote

Another Small banknote in my collection is Republic of Croatia or Republika Hrvatska 1991-1993 issue banknote. In 1991, notes were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25, 100, 500 and 1000 dinara, with 2000, 5000 and 10,000 dinara notes added in 1992 and 50,000 and 100,000 dinara in 1993. The obverse of all banknotes was the same, with a picture of Ragusan scientist Ruđer Bošković. Notes up to 1000 dinara had Zagreb cathedral on reverse. The higher denominations featured the Ivan Meštrović sculpture History of the Croats on the reverse. The 1 dinar size is approximately at 53 mm x 105 mm.

The dinar was the currency of Croatia between December 23, 1991, and May 30, 1994. The ISO 4217 code was HRD. The Croatian dinar replaced the 1990 version of Yugoslav dinar at par. It was a transitional currency introduced following Croatia's declaration of independence from Yugoslavia. During its existence the, dinar declined in value by a factor of about 70. The dinar was replaced by the kuna at a rate of 1 kuna = 1000 dinara. The word "kuna" derived from the Russian "cunica" which means marten, reflects the use of furs for money in medieval eastern Europe.

Roger Joseph Boscovich (18 May 1711 – 13 February 1787) was a physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, diplomat, poet, and Jesuit from Ragusa (today Dubrovnik, in Croatia) who lived for a time in France, England and some Italian states. He is famous for his atomic theory, given as a clear, precisely-formulated system utilizing principles of Newtonian mechanics.In 1753 he also discovered the absence of atmosphere on the Moon

Zagreb Cathedral on Kaptol is probably the most famous building in Zagreb, as its spires can be seen from many locations in the city. The building of the cathedral started in the 11th century (1093), although the building was razed to the ground by the Tatars in 1242. At the end of the 15th century, the Ottoman Empire invaded Bosnia and Croatia, triggering the construction of fortification walls around the cathedral. Few of these fortifications are still intact.

In the 17th century, a fortified renaissance watchtower was erected on the south side, and was used as a military observation point, because of the Ottoman threat. In 1880, the cathedral was severely damaged in an earthquake. The main nave collapsed and the tower was damaged beyond repair. The restoration of the cathedral in the neogothic style was made by Hermann Bollé, bringing the cathedral to its present form. As part of that restoration, two spires of 105 m height were raised on the western side, both of which are in the process of being restored during a massive general restoration of the cathedral.

Source: Wikipedia, Krause Publication

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Belarus or White Russia banknote

This is a 1992-96 Belarus banknote exchange note issue by Belarus National Bank. Obverse is a "Pagonya" a defending warrior weilding sword on horseback at center. The 5 Rublei banknote color is deep blue on it. Blue, lilac, violet and multicolored underprint (background color) with 2 wolves at center. The 10 Rublei banknote color is deep green on it. Green, orange and multicolored underprint and Lynx with kitten at center. The 25 Rublei banknote color is violet on red, green and multicolored underprint with moose at center. The 50 Rublei banknote color is deep purple on red and green underprint (background color) with bear at center. All this banknote size is approximately at 53 mm x 105 mm.

"White Russia" (Belarusian: Белая Русь ~ English: White Ruthenia) is a name that has historically been applied to various regions in Eastern Europe, most often to that which roughly corresponds to present-day Belarus. In English, the use of "White Russia" to refer to Belarus is dated. Many other languages, however, continue to use a literal translation of "White Russia" to refer to Belarus. Because the term "White Russian" has the alternative (and potentially confusing) meanings of the post-Russian Revolution, anti-Communist White movement or White emigre - with perceived Russian imperialism that came with them - some people in Belarus consider the name "White Russia" to be derogatory.

Belarus (Byelorussia, Belorussia, or White Russia- formerly the Belorussian S.S.R.) is situated along the western Dvina and Dnieper Rivers, bounded in the west by Poland, to the north by Latvia and Lithuania, to the east by Russia and the south by the Ukraine. It has an area of 80,154 sq. mi. (207,600 sq. km.) and a population of 4.8 million. Capital: Minsk. Chief products: peat, salt, and agricultural products including flax, fodder and grasses for cattle breeding and dairy products.

There never existed an independent state of Byelorussia. Until the partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century, the history of Byelorussia is identical with that of Lithuania. When Russia incorporated the whole of Byelorussia into its territories in 1795, it claimed to be recovering old Russian lands and denied that the Byelorussians were a separate nation. Significant efforts for independence did not occur until 1918 and were met by external antagonism from German, Polish, and Russian influences.

Soviet and anti-Communist sympathies continued to reflect the political and social unrest of the U.S.S.R. for Byelorussia. Finally, on August 25, 1991, following an unsuccessful coup, the Supreme Soviet adopted a declaration of independence, and the “Republic of Belarus” was proclaimed in September. In December, it became a founder member of the CIS.

Source: Wikipedia, Krause Publication

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Forty Tribes Country; The Republic of Kyrgyzstan

I try to find any small banknotes in my collection. The world smallest banknote is half the size smaller then any of this banknotes. In the following days of this week I will be posting about their story. The first one is Republic of Kyrgyzstan 1 Tyiyn banknote. This is a 1993 issue banknote size at 90 mm x 70 mm. Monetary system 1 SOM= 100 Tyiyn.

The Republic of Kyrgyzstan, (formerly Kirghiz S.S.R., a Union Republic of the U.S.S.R.), is an independent state since Aug. 31, 1991, a member of the United Nations and of the C.I.S. It was the last state of the Union Republics to declare its sovereignty. Capital: Bishkek (formerly Frunze). Originally part of the autonomous Turkestan S.S.R. founded on May 1, 1918, the Kyrgyz ethnic area was established on October 14, 1924, as the Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Region within the R.S.F.S.R. Then on May 25, 1925, the name Kara (black) was dropped. It became an A.S.S.R. on Feb. 1, 1926, and a Union Republic of the U.S.S.R. in 1936. On Dec. 12, 1990, the name was then changed to the Republic of Kyrgyzstan.

Kyrgyzstan (pronounced /ˈkɝːɡɪstæn/; KƏR-gis-tahn; Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан [qɯrʀɯzˈstɑn]; Russian: Киргизия [kirˈɡizija] or Киргизстан [ˈkirɡistan] or Кыргызстан [ˈkˠɨrɡˠɨzstan], variously transliterated, also Kirgizia or Kirghizia), officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a country in Central Asia. Landlocked and mountainous, it is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east. The name Kyrgyz, both for the country and the people, means "forty girls" (kyrk + kyz) or "forty tribes" (kyrk + uuz), a reference to the epic hero Manas who unified forty tribes against the Mongols. According to popular interpretations, the 40-ray sun on the flag of Kyrgyzstan symbolizes the forty tribes of Manas.

Source: Wikipedia, Krause Publication

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